What is Testosterone Replacement Therapy - MY CONCIERGE MD

What is Testosterone Replacement Therapy?

Testosterone is a male hormone produced by the testicles and is responsible for the correct development of male sexual characteristics. Testosterone is vital for men to maintain muscle bulk, bone density, energy, low body fat, sufficient levels of red blood cells, overall well-being including sexual and reproductive function. We provide testosterone replacement therapy in our Beverly Hills clinic to optimize low testosterone in men. TRT therapy can have a great impact on the way you feel.

There are millions of men who have low testosterone levels or hypogonadism without knowing it or recognizing any of the symptoms associated with it. Hormone levels such as testosterone usually peak at age 25 and start decreasing more dramatically at age 40. For aging male who have symptoms of low testosterone or are experiencing a decline in their testosterone levels, our doctors are well trained to treat and optimize your testosterone levels. Testosterone replacement to optimal age related levels have helped many of our patients feel dramatically better and younger. Testosterone replacement therapy is the optimization of testosterone levels through bio-identical hormone replacement, testosterone injections, testosterone creams, testosterone pellets, supplements, medications and more.

How do I know if my testosterone levels are low?

The only accurate way to detect the condition is to consult with one of our doctors and have our doctors measure the amount of testosterone in your blood. Because testosterone levels can fluctuate during the day, several measurements may need to be taken to detect a deficiency. Our doctors tend to prefer, if possible, to test levels early in the morning because this is when testosterone levels are at their highest. Usually one blood test and review of symptoms is sufficient to diagnose testosterone deficiency or a decrease in optimal testosterone levels.

Low Testosterone Symptoms & Men’s Health

  • Decreased Sex Drive
  • Low Sperm Count
  • Lack of Concentration & Memory
  • Increase Body Fat
  • Erectile Dysfunction
  • Fatigue or Lack of Energy
  • Depression or Irritability
  • Bone Loss
  • Hair Loss
  • Decrease in Muscle Mass & Strength
  • Low Self-Esteem
  • Aches and Pains

Low Testosterone Causes in Men

As men age, the amount of testosterone in their bodies gradually declines. This natural decline starts after age 25-30 and continues on throughout their lives. Other potential causes of testosterone deficiency or low t in aging male include:

  • Injury or Infection of the Testicles
  • Genetic Abnormalities
  • Sleep apnea
  • Alcoholism
  • Chronic Illness
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Congenital Conditions like Kallman’s Syndrome
  • Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Cirrhosis of the Liver
  • Chronic Renal Failure
  • Stress
  • Cancer Treatments – Chemotherapy or Radiation
  • HIV & Aids
  • Certain Medications
  • Inflammatory Diseases
  • Obesity
  • Smoking

What Age Should You Consider Testosterone Replacement Therapy?

The age at which a person should consider testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) depends on the individual’s specific situation. Typically, TRT is considered for men who have been diagnosed with hypogonadism, a condition characterized by low testosterone levels. Hypogonadism can occur at any age, but it is more common in older men or past the age of 40.

What Age Should You Consider Testosterone Replacement Therapy - MY CONCIERGE MD

The American Urological Association (AUA) recommends that TRT should be considered for men with symptoms of hypogonadism and a confirmed testosterone deficiency. The endocrinology Society recommends TRT for men with symptomatic hypogonadism and a serum testosterone level below the normal range for young adult men.

Androgen Deficiency in Men

Androgen deficiency in men, also known as hypogonadism, is a condition in which the body doesn’t produce enough testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Symptoms of androgen deficiency or low T syndrome can vary, but may include:

  • Low sex drive
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of muscle mass
  • Increased body fat
  • Decreased bone density
  • Depression or mood changes
  • Decreased body hair and beard growth

Androgen deficiency can occur at any age and may be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, injury to the testicles, certain medications, chronic illnesses, or a condition called Klinefelter syndrome. Some men may also develop androgen deficiency as a result of aging, a condition known as age-related hypogonadism.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy In Older Men

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in older men is used to treat symptoms of low testosterone levels, also known as androgen deficiency. These symptoms can include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, decreased muscle mass and strength, and osteoporosis. TRT can help to improve these symptoms, but it is important to note that the benefits and risks of TRT in older men are still under debate and not well understood.

Testosterone Replacement Therapy In Older Men - MY CONCIERGE MD

Some studies have suggested that TRT in older men may have cardiovascular risks such as increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. However, other studies have shown that testosterone deficiency increases risk of cardiovascular health and not found these risks. It is also important to note that TRT may not improve cognitive function, bone density, or reduce the risk of falls in older men.

It is important for older men considering TRT to have a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional to determine if TRT is appropriate for them. Factors such as age, overall health, and underlying medical conditions should be taken into account. It is also important for men to be regularly monitored for any potential side effects or risks associated with TRT.

Testosterone Therapy Methods

Your doctor will discuss with you the best option for your testosterone supplementation. Each type of therapy will provide adequate levels of hormone replacement and each has its own side effects, advantages and disadvantages. There are several treatment options available for testosterone replacement therapy, which include:

  • Testosterone gels
  • A prescribed gel applied once a day to the upper arms, shoulders or abdomen and the gel is absorbed directly through the skin.
  • Skin Patch
  • Applied once a day and is worn on the arm, back, abdomen, buttocks or on the scrotum.
  • Mouth Patch
  • Applied twice a day and it sticks to the upper gums above the incisor near the two front teeth. It will continually release testosterone into the blood through the tissues in the mouth.
  • Testosterone intramuscular Injections
  • Testosterone injections are injected directly into the muscle, usually in the thigh muscle if it is being self-administered.
  • Testosterone Implant
  • Testosterone pellets are implanted in the soft tissues, which are generally administered every two or three weeks.

Our hormone clinic prefers using testosterone cypionate for replacement therapy as it has a half life of a week and is able to easily be monitored with good levels of testosterone in the body. We will discuss the other testosterone injections below.

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Intramuscular Injectable Testosterone

Testosterone Therapy Dosage

Because of potential risks and side effects of testosterone therapy, your doctor will want to make sure you are safe on testosterone therapy and will want to monitor your testosterone levels in addition to other labs and symptoms. Testosterone therapy dosage is dependent on your total testosterone levels, free testosterone levels, DHEA levels and the kind of testosterone used. Monitoring and screening may include; checking testosterone levels with periodic blood tests, checking prostate with PSA levels or digital rectal exams, testing blood for changes in your blood chemistry and hemoglobin levels. Our healthcare providers are highly trained in TRT and follow the endocrine society clinical practice guidelines on TRT.

Testosterone propionate

Testosterone propionate is a type of testosterone ester and an androgen and anabolic steroid medication. It is used primarily in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men (androgen deficiency) and delayed puberty in boys. Testosterone propionate is usually administered by intramuscular injection and the dosage and frequency of administration is tailored to the individual patient’s needs.

The results of a single-dose study of 50 mg of testosterone propionate (TP) given by intramuscular injection showed that testosterone levels rose above normal levels immediately after the injection, but fell below normal levels by the second day. This indicates that using TP is not an appropriate form of treatment for male hypogonadism due to the rapid fluctuations in testosterone levels it causes and the need for frequent dosing with a 50 mg dose every three days.

Testosterone cypionate

Testosterone cypionate is a form of testosterone, a male sex hormone. It is used to treat low testosterone levels in men, also known as androgen deficiency, and for delayed puberty in boys. It is an oil-based injectable medication, usually administered intramuscularly. The dosage and frequency of administration is tailored to the individual patient’s needs.

Testosterone cypionate is usually administered as an injection every week. The most common side effects are acne, fluid retention, breast enlargement, and increased red blood cell count.

It is important to use testosterone cypionate only under the supervision of a healthcare professional and to follow the dosage and administration instructions exactly as prescribed.

Testosterone cypionate (TC) is a form of testosterone that is available in two concentrations: 100 mg/mL (10 mL vial) and 200 mg/mL (1 and 10 mL vials) and is prepared in cottonseed oil. It is commonly used to treat low testosterone levels in men, known as androgen deficiency, and for delayed puberty in boys. The typical recommended starting dose for male hypogonadism is 75-100 mg given intramuscular on a weekly basis.

Testosterone enanthate

Testosterone enanthate is a form of testosterone, a male sex hormone. It is used to treat low testosterone levels in men, also known as androgen deficiency, and for delayed puberty in boys. It is an oil-based injectable medication, usually administered intramuscularly. The dosage and frequency of administration is tailored to the individual patient’s needs.

Testosterone enanthate is usually administered as an injection every one to two weeks. Testosterone enanthate (TE) is a form of testosterone that is available in 100, 200 mg/mL or 250 mg/mL concentrations and is prepared in sesame oil. The recommended starting dose for TE is the same as that for testosterone cypionate. The effect of varying doses of TE on serum testosterone levels was studied in 23 males with primary hypogonadism. The peak levels occurred at 24-48 hours after the last dose of 100-200 mg and declined to slightly above 600 ng/dL after 1-2 weeks. The peak levels occurred at 36-48 hours after the last dose of 300-400 mg and then plateaued below the therapeutic range (300 ng/dL) by week 3-4. The study concluded that doses of 200 mg have to be injected every two weeks or doses of 300 mg every 3 weeks to guarantee effective substitution therapy. The adverse events associated with TE are similar to those of testosterone cypionate. The short-acting intramuscular injections have the highest incidence of erythrocytosis approaching 40%. It is suggested that the testosterone formulation, dose and pharmacokinetics collectively determine the risk of erythrocytosis by establishing the duration of supraphysiological testosterone levels. Short-acting intramuscular testosterone formulations (TC and TE) are associated with the most rapid and significant increases in serum testosterone levels, with supraphysiological levels achieved within days of an injection and a return to baseline by 10-14 days, followed by a decrease to subphysiological levels within 3 weeks if not re-dosed. Caution should be exercised in prescribing short-acting intramuscular formulations in at-risk populations (type 2 diabetes, smokers, obese, thrombophilic conditions)

Testosterone ester combinations

Testosterone ester combinations are a type of testosterone replacement therapy that involve using a combination of different types of testosterone esters. These combinations are intended to provide more consistent and stable testosterone levels over time.

One example of a testosterone ester combination is Sustanon, which is a mixture of four different testosterone esters: testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, testosterone isocaproate, and testosterone decanoate. This combination allows for a gradual release of testosterone into the bloodstream after an injection, which helps to maintain stable testosterone levels over time.

Another example is Omnadren which is a mixture of four different testosterone esters: testosterone propionate, testosterone phenylpropionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone caproate. This combination is designed to provide a prolonged release of testosterone in the bloodstream.

The idea behind using a combination of different testosterone esters, such as Sustanon or Omnadren, in the treatment of male hypogonadism is that a short-acting ester (e.g. testosterone propionate) can provide effective substitution during the initial days of treatment, while a longer-acting ester (e.g. testosterone enanthate) can provide effective substitution towards the end of the injection interval. However, studies have shown that the pharmacokinetic parameters of individual esters show that both preparations cause the highest testosterone serum concentrations shortly after injection. The addition of a short-acting ester to a long-acting ester only increases the initial undesired testosterone peak, leading to a wider fluctuation of testosterone serum concentrations compared to the use of the long-acting ester alone. Therefore, there is no advantage in combining short- and long-acting esters for the treatment of male hypogonadism.

Testosterone undecanoate

Testosterone undecanoate (TU) comes in an oral form as well as an injectable form of testosterone, a male sex hormone. It is used to treat low testosterone levels in men, also known as androgen deficiency. It is a pro-drug, meaning that it is converted into testosterone in the body after it is taken. It is available in the form of oral capsules.

The recommended starting dose is usually 120-160 mg/day. The effect of TU on serum T levels was evaluated in hypogonadal men, and the results showed that TU is able to maintain stable and physiological testosterone levels, similar to those obtained with injectable testosterone esters.

It is a long-acting form of testosterone, with a half-life of about 34 days. It is supplied in a concentration of 250 mg/mL dissolved in castor oil and is given by slow intramuscular injection in the gluteus medius muscle. It is approved in the USA at a single dose of 750 mg, followed by 750 mg 4 weeks later, then 750 mg every 10 weeks thereafter. Individual dosage titration is not recommended. In a study of 117 hypogonadal males, TU was able to maintain stable and physiological testosterone levels, similar to those obtained with injectable testosterone esters, without showing supratherapeutic peaks.

TU is generally well tolerated and has been associated with a significant reduction of fat mass and HbA1c in both controlled and uncontrolled trials, as well as improvement of erectile function.

What can be expected from Testosterone Treatment?

Because every man is different, each individual will have different results with different treatments. Regardless of the testosterone treatment, he should notice the effects of testosterone replacement and improvement in his sex drive, energy level, strength, and quality of erections. Other improvements may include; bone density, muscle mass and mood.

Is It A Good Idea To Take Testosterone Replacement Therapy?

Whether or not testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is a good idea depends on the individual’s specific situation. It is typically recommended for men who have been diagnosed with hypogonadism, which is a condition characterized by low testosterone levels. There are many potential benefits associated with raising low testosterone concentrations. We will discuss the risks and benefits of TRT below.

Testosterone Therapy Benefits & Risks

Testosterone treatment can have a number of effects on the body, both positive and negative. Some of the potential effects of testosterone treatment include:

Positive effects:

  • Increased libido and sexual function
  • Increased muscle mass and strength
  • Improved bone density
  • Improved mood and cognitive function
  • Improved energy and overall well-being
  • Improved erections
  • Improved sleep
  • Decrease fat
  • Increase HDL cholesterol
  • Improved energy
  • Decreased irritability
  • Decrease heart disease risk & cardiovascular events

Negative effects:

  • Acne
  • Fluid retention
  • Testicular shrinkage
  • Breast enlargement
  • Increased red blood cell count or hematocrit count
  • Prostate enlargement
  • Sleep apnea
  • Increased risk of heart attack or stroke in older men
  • Risk of blood clots and stroke in individuals with preexisting conditions

It’s important to note that the effects of testosterone treatment can vary depending on the individual, the dosage, and the duration of treatment. It’s important to use testosterone treatment only under the supervision of a healthcare professional and to regularly monitor for any potential side effects or risks associated with testosterone treatment.

Risks of Testosterone Therapy & Meta-analysis

Testosterone replacement is overall a safe treatment if properly treated and monitored. Our doctors will discuss in detail the benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy as well as possible adverse effects with you during your consult.

Some may experience a mild side effect associated with the application or injection of testosterone which may include; itching, rash or irritation at the injection site or where the testosterone is applied. Again our doctors will monitor your blood work while you are receiving testosterone therapy. Per Jama & Lancet, and the review of the meta-analysis, certain cancers such as prostate cancer can feed on testosterone and therapy must be discontinued if any cancer is found in the body. Some meta-analyses have suggested that TRT may increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death in older men, while other meta-analyses have not found these risks. Our testosterone replacement program includes cardiac workup and base line labs to asses your risk factors and obtain a baseline testosterone level prior to starting TRT. Our healthcare providers will then follow up with you and do quarterly lab work to monitor your levels as well as your prostate specific antigen and other lab tests. We follow the recommendations set by the FDA and society of urology.

Testosterone Therapy and Heart Failure

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure in some studies, particularly in older men or those with pre-existing heart disease.

A meta-analysis of 11 studies, which included over 12,000 men, revealed that the use of TRT was associated with a 29% increased risk of heart failure in older men. Another study found that men with pre-existing heart disease who received TRT had a 2.3-fold increased risk of heart failure.

Testosterone Therapy and Heart Failure - MY CONCIERGE MD

It is important to note that these studies do not prove that TRT causes heart failure, but they suggest that there may be an association between the two. The exact mechanisms by which TRT may increase the risk of heart failure are not fully understood. However, it is possible that TRT may increase the risk of heart failure by promoting the growth of plaque in the coronary arteries and triggering an inflammatory response.

Contraindications for Testosterone Replacement Therapy

There are several contraindications for testosterone replacement therapy, including:

  • Prostate or breast cancer
  • High red blood cell count (polycythemia)
  • Sleep apnea
  • Severe heart or liver disease
  • A history of blood clots
  • Known or suspected pregnancy
  • Individuals who are taking anticoagulants, such as warfarin
  • Individuals with a history of prostate or breast cancer
  • History of heart disease or heart failure

It is also important to note that the use of testosterone in some may worsen sleep apnea and may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Our healthcare providers can asses if you are a good candidate for TRT and discuss all the risks and benefits with you during your consultation.

How To Naturally Increase Testosterone?

  1. Exercise: Regular weightlifting and strength training can help to increase muscle mass and boost testosterone levels.
  2. Sleep: Getting enough quality sleep is important for maintaining optimal testosterone levels.
  3. Diet: Eating a diet rich in protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates can help to support testosterone production.
  4. Reduce stress: High stress levels can negatively impact testosterone levels. Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness can help to reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
  5. Avoid certain substances: Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and illegal drugs can all negatively impact testosterone levels.
  6. Maintaining a healthy body weight: Being overweight or obese can decrease testosterone levels, so maintaining a healthy body weight through diet and exercise can help to boost testosterone.
  7. Vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency is common and can lead to low testosterone levels. Sun exposure, food, and supplements are all ways to increase vitamin D levels.

It’s important to note that some of these changes may take time to show an effect on testosterone concentrations.

Natural Testosterone Therapy

We only utilize bio-identical hormone in our practice which mimic what is naturally found and produced in our bodies.

Natural Testosterone Boosters

There are several supplements and therapies such as Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate) and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin injections (HCG) that can increase your testosterone levels without taking endogenous testosterone replacement. Our doctors will also go over these treatment options with you during your consultation. In most cases, you do not need to be on estrogen blockers or inhibitors while on our testosterone replacement program as your levels will be kept in the higher range of normal without the conversion to estrogen.

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Hormone Therapy

Our doctors are highly trained in the diagnosis and treatment of many male hormones that may be deficient or need optimization. Male and female hormones that our clinic treats include:

  • Testosterone
  • Thyroid
  • Pregnelonone
  • Estrogen
  • Estradiol
  • Progesterone
  • And more

Many men have great, positive outcomes with testosterone replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy, and you can too! Maintaining a proper testosterone levels and overall hormone levels is important in maintaining your total well-being. Testosterone replacement therapy is a simple process that can restore vitality and dramatically improve the quality of your life.

For more information, please give us a call at 310-299-8959 to set up an appointment with Dr. Nazarian at our Beverly Hills office.

RESOURCES

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/146607

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41569-019-0211-4

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/andr.12774

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5512682/